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sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

   1from __future__ import annotations
   2
   3import typing as t
   4
   5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
   6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
   7    Dialect,
   8    NormalizationStrategy,
   9    binary_from_function,
  10    build_default_decimal_type,
  11    build_timestamp_from_parts,
  12    date_delta_sql,
  13    date_trunc_to_time,
  14    datestrtodate_sql,
  15    build_formatted_time,
  16    if_sql,
  17    inline_array_sql,
  18    max_or_greatest,
  19    min_or_least,
  20    rename_func,
  21    timestamptrunc_sql,
  22    timestrtotime_sql,
  23    var_map_sql,
  24    map_date_part,
  25    no_safe_divide_sql,
  26)
  27from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
  28from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
  29
  30if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
  31    from sqlglot._typing import E
  32
  33
  34# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
  35def _build_datetime(
  36    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
  37) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
  38    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
  39        value = seq_get(args, 0)
  40        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
  41
  42        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal):
  43            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
  44            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
  45                return (
  46                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
  47                    if safe
  48                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
  49                )
  50
  51            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
  52            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
  53            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
  54                if int_value and not safe:
  55                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
  56                    # it's not easily transpilable
  57                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=seq_get(args, 1))
  58                if not is_float(value.this):
  59                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
  60                    expr.set("safe", safe)
  61                    return expr
  62
  63        if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE and not int_value:
  64            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate, "snowflake")(args)
  65            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
  66            return formatted_exp
  67
  68        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
  69
  70    return _builder
  71
  72
  73def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
  74    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
  75
  76    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
  77        return expression
  78
  79    return exp.Struct(
  80        expressions=[
  81            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
  82        ]
  83    )
  84
  85
  86def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
  87    return exp.DateDiff(
  88        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
  89    )
  90
  91
  92def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
  93    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
  94        return expr_type(
  95            this=seq_get(args, 2),
  96            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
  97            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
  98        )
  99
 100    return _builder
 101
 102
 103# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
 104def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 105    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
 106        exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.null()).not_()
 107    )
 108    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
 109    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
 110    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
 111
 112
 113# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 114def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 115    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
 116    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 117
 118
 119# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
 120def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
 121    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
 122    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
 123
 124
 125def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
 126    flag = expression.text("flag")
 127
 128    if "i" not in flag:
 129        flag += "i"
 130
 131    return self.func(
 132        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
 133    )
 134
 135
 136def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
 137    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
 138
 139    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
 140        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
 141
 142    return regexp_replace
 143
 144
 145def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
 146    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
 147        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
 148
 149    return _parse
 150
 151
 152def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
 153    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
 154    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
 155    return trunc
 156
 157
 158def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 159    """
 160    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
 161    so we need to unqualify them.
 162
 163    Example:
 164        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
 165        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
 166        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
 167        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
 168    """
 169    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
 170        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
 171
 172    return expression
 173
 174
 175def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 176    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
 177
 178    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
 179        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
 180            expression.set("expressions", None)
 181        return expression
 182
 183    props = expression.args.get("properties")
 184    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
 185        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
 186            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
 187                column_type = schema_expression.kind
 188                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
 189                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
 190
 191    return expression
 192
 193
 194def _unnest_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
 195    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
 196        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
 197            if (
 198                isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
 199                and len(unnest.expressions) == 1
 200                and isinstance(unnest.expressions[0], exp.GenerateDateArray)
 201            ):
 202                generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
 203                start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
 204                end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
 205                step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
 206
 207                if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
 208                    continue
 209
 210                unit = step.args.get("unit")
 211
 212                unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
 213                if unnest_alias:
 214                    unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
 215                    sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
 216                else:
 217                    sequence_value_name = "value"
 218
 219                # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
 220                date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
 221                    [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
 222                ).as_(sequence_value_name)
 223
 224                # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
 225                number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
 226                    [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
 227                )
 228
 229                unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
 230                unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
 231
 232    return expression
 233
 234
 235class Snowflake(Dialect):
 236    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 237    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 238    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 239    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 240    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 241    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 242    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 243    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 244    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 245    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 246
 247    TIME_MAPPING = {
 248        "YYYY": "%Y",
 249        "yyyy": "%Y",
 250        "YY": "%y",
 251        "yy": "%y",
 252        "MMMM": "%B",
 253        "mmmm": "%B",
 254        "MON": "%b",
 255        "mon": "%b",
 256        "MM": "%m",
 257        "mm": "%m",
 258        "DD": "%d",
 259        "dd": "%-d",
 260        "DY": "%a",
 261        "dy": "%w",
 262        "HH24": "%H",
 263        "hh24": "%H",
 264        "HH12": "%I",
 265        "hh12": "%I",
 266        "MI": "%M",
 267        "mi": "%M",
 268        "SS": "%S",
 269        "ss": "%S",
 270        "FF": "%f",
 271        "ff": "%f",
 272        "FF6": "%f",
 273        "ff6": "%f",
 274    }
 275
 276    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 277        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 278        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 279        if (
 280            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 281            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 282            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 283        ):
 284            return expression  # type: ignore
 285
 286        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 287
 288    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 289        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 290        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 291        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
 292
 293        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 294            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 295            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 296        }
 297
 298        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 299        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 300
 301        FUNCTIONS = {
 302            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 303            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 304            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
 305            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 306                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 307            ),
 308            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 309                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 310                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 311                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 312                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 313            ),
 314            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 315            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 316            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 317            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 318            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 319            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 320            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 321            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 322            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 323            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 324                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 325            ),
 326            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 327            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 328                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 329            ),
 330            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 331            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 332            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 333            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 334                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 335            ),
 336            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 337            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 338            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 339            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
 340                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 341                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 342                position=seq_get(args, 2),
 343                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
 344                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
 345                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
 346            ),
 347            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 348            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 349            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 350            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 351            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 352            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 353            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 354            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 355            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 356            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 357            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 358            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 359            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
 360                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
 361            ),
 362            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 363            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 364                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 365                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 366                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 367                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 368            ),
 369            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 370            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 371            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 372            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 373            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 374            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 375            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 376        }
 377
 378        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 379            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 380            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 381            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 382        }
 383        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 384
 385        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 386
 387        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 388            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 389            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 390            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 391        }
 392
 393        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 394            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 395            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 396                exp.Set,
 397                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 398                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 399                unset=True,
 400            ),
 401        }
 402
 403        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 404            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 405            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 406        }
 407
 408        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 409            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 410            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 411        }
 412
 413        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 414            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 415            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 416        }
 417
 418        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 419            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 420            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 421            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 422            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 423            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 424            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 425            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 426            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 427            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 428            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 429            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 430            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 431            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 432            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 433            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 434            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 435            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 436            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 437            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 438        }
 439
 440        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 441            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 442            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 443            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 444            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 445            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 446        }
 447
 448        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 449            TokenType.DOT,
 450            TokenType.MOD,
 451            TokenType.SLASH,
 452        }
 453
 454        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 455
 456        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 457
 458        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 459
 460        LAMBDAS = {
 461            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 462            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 463                exp.Lambda,
 464                this=self._replace_lambda(
 465                    self._parse_assignment(),
 466                    expressions,
 467                ),
 468                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 469            ),
 470        }
 471
 472        def _negate_range(
 473            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
 474        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 475            if not this:
 476                return this
 477
 478            query = this.args.get("query")
 479            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
 480                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
 481                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
 482                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
 483                #
 484                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
 485                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
 486                return self.expression(
 487                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
 488                )
 489
 490            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
 491
 492        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 493            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 494                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 495
 496            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 497                policy = self._parse_column()
 498                return self.expression(
 499                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 500                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 501                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 502                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 503                )
 504            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 505                policy = self._parse_column()
 506                return self.expression(
 507                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 508                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 509                )
 510            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 511                return self.expression(
 512                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
 513                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 514                )
 515
 516            return None
 517
 518        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 519            expression = super()._parse_create()
 520            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 521                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 522                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 523
 524            return expression
 525
 526        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 527        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 528        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 529            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 530
 531            if not this:
 532                return None
 533
 534            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 535            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 536            this = map_date_part(this)
 537            name = this.name.upper()
 538
 539            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 540                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 541                    scale = 10**3
 542                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 543                    scale = 10**6
 544                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 545                    scale = 10**9
 546                else:
 547                    scale = None
 548
 549                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 550                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 551
 552                if scale:
 553                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 554
 555                return to_unix
 556
 557            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 558
 559        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 560            if is_map:
 561                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 562                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 563                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 564                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 565
 566            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 567
 568        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 569            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 570            if not lateral:
 571                return lateral
 572
 573            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 574                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 575                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 576                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 577                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 578                elif not table_alias:
 579                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 580
 581            return lateral
 582
 583        def _parse_table_parts(
 584            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 585        ) -> exp.Table:
 586            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 587            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 588                table = self._parse_string()
 589            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 590                table = self._parse_location_path()
 591            else:
 592                table = None
 593
 594            if table:
 595                file_format = None
 596                pattern = None
 597
 598                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 599                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 600                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 601                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 602                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 603                        )
 604                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 605                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 606                    else:
 607                        break
 608
 609                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 610
 611                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 612            else:
 613                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 614
 615            return table
 616
 617        def _parse_id_var(
 618            self,
 619            any_token: bool = True,
 620            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 621        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 622            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 623                identifier = (
 624                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 625                    or self._parse_string()
 626                )
 627                self._match_r_paren()
 628                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 629
 630            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 631
 632        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 633            scope = None
 634            scope_kind = None
 635
 636            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 637            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 638            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 639
 640            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 641
 642            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 643
 644            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 645                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 646                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 647                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 648                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 649                    if self._curr:
 650                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 651                elif self._curr:
 652                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 653                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 654
 655            return self.expression(
 656                exp.Show,
 657                **{
 658                    "terse": terse,
 659                    "this": this,
 660                    "history": history,
 661                    "like": like,
 662                    "scope": scope,
 663                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 664                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 665                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 666                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 667                },
 668            )
 669
 670        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 671            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 672            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 673
 674        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 675            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 676            return (
 677                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 678                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 679                else self._parse_table_parts()
 680            )
 681
 682        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 683            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 684
 685            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 686            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 687            # in case of subqueries
 688            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 689                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 690            ):
 691                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 692
 693            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 694
 695        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 696            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 697
 698            if not this:
 699                return this
 700
 701            typ = self._parse_types()
 702
 703            if typ:
 704                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 705
 706            return this
 707
 708    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 709        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 710        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 711        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 712        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 713        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 714
 715        KEYWORDS = {
 716            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 717            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 718            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 719            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 720            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 721            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 722            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 723            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 724            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 725            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 726            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 727            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 728            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 729            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 730            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 731            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 732            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 733            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 734            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 735            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 736            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 737            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 738            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 739        }
 740        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 741
 742        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 743            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 744            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 745        }
 746
 747        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 748
 749        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 750
 751    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 752        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 753        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 754        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 755        JOIN_HINTS = False
 756        TABLE_HINTS = False
 757        QUERY_HINTS = False
 758        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 759        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 760        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 761        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 762        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 763        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 764        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 765        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 766        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 767        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 768        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 769        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 770        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 771        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 772
 773        TRANSFORMS = {
 774            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 775            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 776            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 777            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 778            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 779            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 780            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 781            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 782                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 783            ),
 784            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 785            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 786            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 787            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 788            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 789            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 790            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 791            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 792            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 793            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 794            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 795                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 796            ),
 797            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 798                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 799            ),
 800            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 801            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 802            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 803            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 804                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 805            ),
 806            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 807            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 808            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 809            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 810            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 811            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 812            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 813            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 814                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 815            ),
 816            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 817            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 818                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 819            ),
 820            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 821                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 822            ),
 823            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 824            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 825            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 826            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 827                [
 828                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 829                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 830                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 831                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
 832                ]
 833            ),
 834            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
 835            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 836            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 837            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 838            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 839                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 840            ),
 841            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 842            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 843            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 844                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 845            ),
 846            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 847            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 848            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 849                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 850            ),
 851            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 852            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 853            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 854            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
 855            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 856            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 857            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 858                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 859            ),
 860            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 861            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
 862            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 863            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 864            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 865        }
 866
 867        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 868            exp.JSONPathKey,
 869            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 870            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 871        }
 872
 873        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 874            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 875            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 876            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 877        }
 878
 879        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 880            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 881            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 882            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 883        }
 884
 885        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 886            exp.Map,
 887            exp.StarMap,
 888            exp.Struct,
 889            exp.VarMap,
 890        }
 891
 892        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 893            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 894
 895        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 896            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 897                values_as_table = False
 898
 899            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 900
 901        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 902            expressions = expression.expressions
 903            if (
 904                expressions
 905                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 906                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 907            ):
 908                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 909                return "OBJECT"
 910
 911            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 912
 913        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 914            return self.func(
 915                "TO_NUMBER",
 916                expression.this,
 917                expression.args.get("format"),
 918                expression.args.get("precision"),
 919                expression.args.get("scale"),
 920            )
 921
 922        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 923            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 924            if milli is not None:
 925                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 926                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 927
 928            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 929
 930        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
 931            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
 932                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
 933            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
 934                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
 935
 936            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
 937
 938        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 939            value = expression.this
 940
 941            if value.type is None:
 942                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 943
 944                value = annotate_types(value)
 945
 946            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 947                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 948
 949            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 950            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 951
 952        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 953            if not expression.expression:
 954                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 955
 956            return super().log_sql(expression)
 957
 958        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 959            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 960            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 961
 962            columns = [
 963                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 964                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 965                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 966                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 967                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 968                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 969                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 970            ]
 971
 972            if unnest_alias:
 973                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 974            else:
 975                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 976
 977            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 978            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 979            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 980            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 981
 982        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 983            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 984            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 985            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 986            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 987
 988            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 989            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 990
 991            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 992            if scope_kind:
 993                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 994
 995            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 996            if starts_with:
 997                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 998
 999            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1000
1001            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1002            if from_:
1003                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1004
1005            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
1006
1007        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
1008            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1009            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1010            group = expression.args.get("group")
1011
1012            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
1013            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
1014            if group and group.name == "0":
1015                group = None
1016
1017            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1018            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1019            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1020
1021            return self.func(
1022                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1023                expression.this,
1024                expression.expression,
1025                position,
1026                occurrence,
1027                parameters,
1028                group,
1029            )
1030
1031        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1032            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1033            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1034            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1035            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1036            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1037            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1038            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1039
1040        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1041            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1042        ) -> str:
1043            start = expression.args.get("start")
1044            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1045            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1046            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1047            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1048
1049        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1050            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1051
1052        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1053            keys = []
1054            values = []
1055
1056            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1057                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1058                    keys.append(
1059                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1060                    )
1061                    values.append(e.expression)
1062                else:
1063                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1064                    values.append(e)
1065
1066            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1067
1068        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1069        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1070            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1071
1072        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1073            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1074            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1075            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1076            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1077            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1078            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1079            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1080            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1081
1082            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1083
1084        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1085            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1086            return self.func(
1087                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1088            )
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
 236class Snowflake(Dialect):
 237    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
 238    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
 239    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
 240    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
 241    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
 242    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
 243    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
 244    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
 245    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
 246    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
 247
 248    TIME_MAPPING = {
 249        "YYYY": "%Y",
 250        "yyyy": "%Y",
 251        "YY": "%y",
 252        "yy": "%y",
 253        "MMMM": "%B",
 254        "mmmm": "%B",
 255        "MON": "%b",
 256        "mon": "%b",
 257        "MM": "%m",
 258        "mm": "%m",
 259        "DD": "%d",
 260        "dd": "%-d",
 261        "DY": "%a",
 262        "dy": "%w",
 263        "HH24": "%H",
 264        "hh24": "%H",
 265        "HH12": "%I",
 266        "hh12": "%I",
 267        "MI": "%M",
 268        "mi": "%M",
 269        "SS": "%S",
 270        "ss": "%S",
 271        "FF": "%f",
 272        "ff": "%f",
 273        "FF6": "%f",
 274        "ff6": "%f",
 275    }
 276
 277    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
 278        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
 279        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
 280        if (
 281            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
 282            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
 283            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
 284        ):
 285            return expression  # type: ignore
 286
 287        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
 288
 289    class Parser(parser.Parser):
 290        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
 291        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
 292        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
 293
 294        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
 295            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
 296            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 297        }
 298
 299        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
 300        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
 301
 302        FUNCTIONS = {
 303            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
 304            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
 305            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
 306            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
 307                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
 308            ),
 309            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
 310                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
 311                start=seq_get(args, 0),
 312                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
 313                step=seq_get(args, 2),
 314            ),
 315            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 316            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
 317            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
 318            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 319            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
 320            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 321            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 322            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
 323            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
 324            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
 325                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
 326            ),
 327            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
 328            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
 329                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
 330            ),
 331            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 332            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
 333            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
 334            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
 335                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
 336            ),
 337            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
 338            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
 339            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
 340            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
 341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 342                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
 343                position=seq_get(args, 2),
 344                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
 345                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
 346                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
 347            ),
 348            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
 349            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
 350            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
 351            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
 352            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
 353            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
 354            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 355            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 356            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 357            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
 358            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
 359            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
 360            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
 361                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
 362            ),
 363            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
 364            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
 365                this=seq_get(args, 0),
 366                format=seq_get(args, 1),
 367                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
 368                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
 369            ),
 370            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
 371            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 372            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
 373            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
 374            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
 375            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
 376            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
 377        }
 378
 379        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
 380            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
 381            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
 382            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
 383        }
 384        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
 385
 386        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
 387
 388        RANGE_PARSERS = {
 389            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
 390            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
 391            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
 392        }
 393
 394        ALTER_PARSERS = {
 395            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
 396            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
 397                exp.Set,
 398                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
 399                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 400                unset=True,
 401            ),
 402        }
 403
 404        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
 405            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
 406            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
 407        }
 408
 409        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
 410            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
 411            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
 412        }
 413
 414        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
 415            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
 416            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
 417        }
 418
 419        SHOW_PARSERS = {
 420            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 421            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
 422            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 423            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
 424            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 425            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
 426            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 427            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
 428            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 429            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
 430            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 431            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
 432            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 433            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
 434            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 435            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
 436            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
 437            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 438            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
 439        }
 440
 441        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
 442            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
 443            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 444            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 445            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 446            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
 447        }
 448
 449        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 450            TokenType.DOT,
 451            TokenType.MOD,
 452            TokenType.SLASH,
 453        }
 454
 455        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
 456
 457        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
 458
 459        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
 460
 461        LAMBDAS = {
 462            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
 463            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
 464                exp.Lambda,
 465                this=self._replace_lambda(
 466                    self._parse_assignment(),
 467                    expressions,
 468                ),
 469                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
 470            ),
 471        }
 472
 473        def _negate_range(
 474            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
 475        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 476            if not this:
 477                return this
 478
 479            query = this.args.get("query")
 480            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
 481                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
 482                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
 483                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
 484                #
 485                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
 486                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
 487                return self.expression(
 488                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
 489                )
 490
 491            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
 492
 493        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 494            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
 495                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
 496
 497            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
 498                policy = self._parse_column()
 499                return self.expression(
 500                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
 501                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 502                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
 503                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
 504                )
 505            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
 506                policy = self._parse_column()
 507                return self.expression(
 508                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
 509                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
 510                )
 511            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
 512                return self.expression(
 513                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
 514                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
 515                )
 516
 517            return None
 518
 519        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
 520            expression = super()._parse_create()
 521            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
 522                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
 523                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
 524
 525            return expression
 526
 527        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 528        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 529        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 530            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 531
 532            if not this:
 533                return None
 534
 535            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 536            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 537            this = map_date_part(this)
 538            name = this.name.upper()
 539
 540            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 541                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 542                    scale = 10**3
 543                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 544                    scale = 10**6
 545                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 546                    scale = 10**9
 547                else:
 548                    scale = None
 549
 550                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
 551                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
 552
 553                if scale:
 554                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
 555
 556                return to_unix
 557
 558            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
 559
 560        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 561            if is_map:
 562                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
 563                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
 564                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
 565                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
 566
 567            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
 568
 569        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
 570            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
 571            if not lateral:
 572                return lateral
 573
 574            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
 575                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
 576                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
 577                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
 578                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
 579                elif not table_alias:
 580                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
 581
 582            return lateral
 583
 584        def _parse_table_parts(
 585            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
 586        ) -> exp.Table:
 587            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
 588            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
 589                table = self._parse_string()
 590            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
 591                table = self._parse_location_path()
 592            else:
 593                table = None
 594
 595            if table:
 596                file_format = None
 597                pattern = None
 598
 599                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
 600                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
 601                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
 602                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
 603                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
 604                        )
 605                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
 606                        pattern = self._parse_string()
 607                    else:
 608                        break
 609
 610                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 611
 612                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
 613            else:
 614                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
 615
 616            return table
 617
 618        def _parse_id_var(
 619            self,
 620            any_token: bool = True,
 621            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
 622        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 623            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
 624                identifier = (
 625                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 626                    or self._parse_string()
 627                )
 628                self._match_r_paren()
 629                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
 630
 631            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
 632
 633        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
 634            scope = None
 635            scope_kind = None
 636
 637            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
 638            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
 639            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
 640
 641            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
 642
 643            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
 644
 645            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
 646                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
 647                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
 648                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
 649                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
 650                    if self._curr:
 651                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 652                elif self._curr:
 653                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
 654                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
 655
 656            return self.expression(
 657                exp.Show,
 658                **{
 659                    "terse": terse,
 660                    "this": this,
 661                    "history": history,
 662                    "like": like,
 663                    "scope": scope,
 664                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
 665                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
 666                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
 667                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
 668                },
 669            )
 670
 671        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
 672            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
 673            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
 674
 675        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 676            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
 677            return (
 678                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
 679                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
 680                else self._parse_table_parts()
 681            )
 682
 683        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
 684            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
 685
 686            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
 687            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
 688            # in case of subqueries
 689            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
 690                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
 691            ):
 692                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
 693
 694            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
 695
 696        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 697            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
 698
 699            if not this:
 700                return this
 701
 702            typ = self._parse_types()
 703
 704            if typ:
 705                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
 706
 707            return this
 708
 709    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
 710        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
 711        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
 712        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
 713        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
 714        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
 715
 716        KEYWORDS = {
 717            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
 718            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
 719            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 720            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 721            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 722            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
 723            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
 724            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
 725            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
 726            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
 727            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 728            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
 729            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
 730            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
 731            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
 732            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
 733            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
 734            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
 735            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
 736            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
 737            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
 738            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
 739            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
 740        }
 741        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
 742
 743        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
 744            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
 745            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
 746        }
 747
 748        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
 749
 750        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
 751
 752    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 753        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 754        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 755        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 756        JOIN_HINTS = False
 757        TABLE_HINTS = False
 758        QUERY_HINTS = False
 759        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 760        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 761        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 762        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 763        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 764        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 765        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 766        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 767        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 768        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 769        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 770        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 771        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 772        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 773
 774        TRANSFORMS = {
 775            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 776            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 777            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 778            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 779            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 780            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 781            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 782            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 783                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 784            ),
 785            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 786            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 787            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 788            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 789            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 790            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 791            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 792            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 793            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 794            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 795            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 796                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 797            ),
 798            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 799                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 800            ),
 801            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 802            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 803            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 804            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 805                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 806            ),
 807            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 808            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 809            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 810            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 811            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 812            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 813            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 814            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 815                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 816            ),
 817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 820            ),
 821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 823            ),
 824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 828                [
 829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 832                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
 833                ]
 834            ),
 835            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
 836            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 837            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 838            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 839            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 840                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 841            ),
 842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 846            ),
 847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 851            ),
 852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 855            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
 856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 860            ),
 861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 862            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
 863            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 864            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 865            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 866        }
 867
 868        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 869            exp.JSONPathKey,
 870            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 871            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 872        }
 873
 874        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 875            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 876            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 877            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 878        }
 879
 880        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 881            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 882            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 883            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 884        }
 885
 886        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 887            exp.Map,
 888            exp.StarMap,
 889            exp.Struct,
 890            exp.VarMap,
 891        }
 892
 893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 894            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 895
 896        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 897            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 898                values_as_table = False
 899
 900            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 901
 902        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 903            expressions = expression.expressions
 904            if (
 905                expressions
 906                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 907                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 908            ):
 909                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 910                return "OBJECT"
 911
 912            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 913
 914        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 915            return self.func(
 916                "TO_NUMBER",
 917                expression.this,
 918                expression.args.get("format"),
 919                expression.args.get("precision"),
 920                expression.args.get("scale"),
 921            )
 922
 923        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 924            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 925            if milli is not None:
 926                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 927                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 928
 929            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 930
 931        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
 932            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
 933                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
 934            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
 935                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
 936
 937            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
 938
 939        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 940            value = expression.this
 941
 942            if value.type is None:
 943                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 944
 945                value = annotate_types(value)
 946
 947            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 948                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 949
 950            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 951            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 952
 953        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 954            if not expression.expression:
 955                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 956
 957            return super().log_sql(expression)
 958
 959        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 960            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 961            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 962
 963            columns = [
 964                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 965                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 966                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 967                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 968                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 969                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 970                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 971            ]
 972
 973            if unnest_alias:
 974                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 975            else:
 976                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 977
 978            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 979            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 980            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 981            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 982
 983        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 984            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 985            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 986            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 987            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 988
 989            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 990            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 991
 992            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 993            if scope_kind:
 994                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 995
 996            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 997            if starts_with:
 998                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 999
1000            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1001
1002            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1003            if from_:
1004                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1005
1006            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
1007
1008        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
1009            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1010            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1011            group = expression.args.get("group")
1012
1013            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
1014            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
1015            if group and group.name == "0":
1016                group = None
1017
1018            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1019            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1020            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1021
1022            return self.func(
1023                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1024                expression.this,
1025                expression.expression,
1026                position,
1027                occurrence,
1028                parameters,
1029                group,
1030            )
1031
1032        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1033            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1034            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1035            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1036            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1037            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1038            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1039            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1040
1041        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1042            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1043        ) -> str:
1044            start = expression.args.get("start")
1045            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1046            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1047            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1048            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1049
1050        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1051            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1052
1053        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1054            keys = []
1055            values = []
1056
1057            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1058                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1059                    keys.append(
1060                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1061                    )
1062                    values.append(e.expression)
1063                else:
1064                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1065                    values.append(e)
1066
1067            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1068
1069        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1070        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1071            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1072
1073        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1074            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1075            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1076            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1077            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1078            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1080            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1081            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1082
1083            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1084
1085        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1086            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1087            return self.func(
1088                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1089            )
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
277    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
278        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
279        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
280        if (
281            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
282            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
283            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
284        ):
285            return expression  # type: ignore
286
287        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (\n) to its unescaped version ( ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
289    class Parser(parser.Parser):
290        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
291        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
292        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
293
294        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
295            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
296            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
297        }
298
299        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
300        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
301
302        FUNCTIONS = {
303            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
304            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
305            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
306            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
307                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
308            ),
309            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
310                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
311                start=seq_get(args, 0),
312                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
313                step=seq_get(args, 2),
314            ),
315            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
316            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
317            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
318            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
319            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
320            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
321            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
322            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
323            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
324            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
325                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
326            ),
327            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
328            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
329                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
330            ),
331            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
332            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
333            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
334            "MEDIAN": lambda args: exp.PercentileCont(
335                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0.5)
336            ),
337            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
338            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
339            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
340            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
341                this=seq_get(args, 0),
342                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
343                position=seq_get(args, 2),
344                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
345                parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
346                group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
347            ),
348            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
349            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
350            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
351            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
352            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
353            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
354            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
355            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
356            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
357            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
358            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
359            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
360            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
361                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
362            ),
363            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
364            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
365                this=seq_get(args, 0),
366                format=seq_get(args, 1),
367                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
368                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
369            ),
370            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
371            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
372            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
373            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
374            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
375            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
376            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
377        }
378
379        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
380            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
381            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
382            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
383        }
384        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
385
386        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
387
388        RANGE_PARSERS = {
389            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
390            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
391            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
392        }
393
394        ALTER_PARSERS = {
395            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
396            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
397                exp.Set,
398                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
399                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
400                unset=True,
401            ),
402        }
403
404        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
405            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
406            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
407        }
408
409        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
410            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
411            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
412        }
413
414        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
415            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
416            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
417        }
418
419        SHOW_PARSERS = {
420            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
421            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
422            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
423            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
424            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
425            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
426            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
427            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
428            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
429            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
430            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
431            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
432            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
433            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
434            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
435            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
436            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
437            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
438            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
439        }
440
441        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
442            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
443            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
444            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
445            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
446            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
447        }
448
449        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
450            TokenType.DOT,
451            TokenType.MOD,
452            TokenType.SLASH,
453        }
454
455        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
456
457        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
458
459        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
460
461        LAMBDAS = {
462            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
463            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
464                exp.Lambda,
465                this=self._replace_lambda(
466                    self._parse_assignment(),
467                    expressions,
468                ),
469                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
470            ),
471        }
472
473        def _negate_range(
474            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
475        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
476            if not this:
477                return this
478
479            query = this.args.get("query")
480            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
481                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
482                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
483                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
484                #
485                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
486                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
487                return self.expression(
488                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
489                )
490
491            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
492
493        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
494            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
495                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
496
497            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
498                policy = self._parse_column()
499                return self.expression(
500                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
501                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
502                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
503                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
504                )
505            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
506                policy = self._parse_column()
507                return self.expression(
508                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
509                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
510                )
511            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
512                return self.expression(
513                    exp.TagColumnConstraint,
514                    expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
515                )
516
517            return None
518
519        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
520            expression = super()._parse_create()
521            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
522                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
523                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
524
525            return expression
526
527        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
528        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
529        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
530            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
531
532            if not this:
533                return None
534
535            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
536            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
537            this = map_date_part(this)
538            name = this.name.upper()
539
540            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
541                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
542                    scale = 10**3
543                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
544                    scale = 10**6
545                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
546                    scale = 10**9
547                else:
548                    scale = None
549
550                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
551                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
552
553                if scale:
554                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
555
556                return to_unix
557
558            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
559
560        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
561            if is_map:
562                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
563                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
564                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
565                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
566
567            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
568
569        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
570            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
571            if not lateral:
572                return lateral
573
574            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
575                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
576                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
577                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
578                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
579                elif not table_alias:
580                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
581
582            return lateral
583
584        def _parse_table_parts(
585            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
586        ) -> exp.Table:
587            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
588            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
589                table = self._parse_string()
590            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
591                table = self._parse_location_path()
592            else:
593                table = None
594
595            if table:
596                file_format = None
597                pattern = None
598
599                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
600                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
601                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
602                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
603                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
604                        )
605                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
606                        pattern = self._parse_string()
607                    else:
608                        break
609
610                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
611
612                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
613            else:
614                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
615
616            return table
617
618        def _parse_id_var(
619            self,
620            any_token: bool = True,
621            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
622        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
623            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
624                identifier = (
625                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
626                    or self._parse_string()
627                )
628                self._match_r_paren()
629                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
630
631            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
632
633        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
634            scope = None
635            scope_kind = None
636
637            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
638            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
639            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
640
641            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
642
643            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
644
645            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
646                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
647                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
648                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
649                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
650                    if self._curr:
651                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
652                elif self._curr:
653                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
654                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
655
656            return self.expression(
657                exp.Show,
658                **{
659                    "terse": terse,
660                    "this": this,
661                    "history": history,
662                    "like": like,
663                    "scope": scope,
664                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
665                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
666                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
667                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
668                },
669            )
670
671        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
672            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
673            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
674
675        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
676            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
677            return (
678                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
679                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
680                else self._parse_table_parts()
681            )
682
683        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
684            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
685
686            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
687            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
688            # in case of subqueries
689            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
690                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
691            ):
692                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
693
694            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
695
696        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
697            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
698
699            if not this:
700                return this
701
702            typ = self._parse_types()
703
704            if typ:
705                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
706
707            return this

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'MEDIAN': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'IMPORTED KEYS', 'VIEWS', 'SEQUENCES', 'TABLES', 'OBJECTS', 'UNIQUE KEYS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'STORAGE INTEGRATION', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE', 'TAG'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ALTERABLES
INTERVAL_VARS
ALIAS_TOKENS
ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
ASSIGNMENT
DISJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
STRING_PARSERS
NUMERIC_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
CONFLICT_ACTIONS
CREATE_SEQUENCE
ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
USABLES
CAST_ACTIONS
SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
SELECT_START_TOKENS
COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
DESCRIBE_STYLES
OPERATION_MODIFIERS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
INTERVAL_SPANS
SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
709    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
710        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
711        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
712        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
713        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
714        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
715
716        KEYWORDS = {
717            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
718            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
719            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
720            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
721            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
722            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
723            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
724            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
725            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
726            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
727            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
728            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
729            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
730            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
731            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
732            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
733            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
734            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
735            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
736            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
737            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
738            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
739            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
740        }
741        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
742
743        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
744            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
745            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
746        }
747
748        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
749
750        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
 752    class Generator(generator.Generator):
 753        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
 754        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
 755        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
 756        JOIN_HINTS = False
 757        TABLE_HINTS = False
 758        QUERY_HINTS = False
 759        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
 760        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
 761        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
 762        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
 763        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
 764        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
 765        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
 766        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
 767        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
 768        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
 769        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
 770        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
 771        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
 772        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
 773
 774        TRANSFORMS = {
 775            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
 776            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
 777            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
 778            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
 779            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
 780            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
 781            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
 782            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 783                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
 784            ),
 785            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
 786            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
 787            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
 788            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 789            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
 790            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
 791            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
 792            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
 793            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
 794            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
 795            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
 796                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
 797            ),
 798            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
 799                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
 800            ),
 801            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
 802            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
 803            exp.JSONExtract: lambda self, e: self.func("GET_PATH", e.this, e.expression),
 804            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
 805                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
 806            ),
 807            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
 808            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
 809            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
 810            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
 811            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 812            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
 813            exp.Min: min_or_least,
 814            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
 815                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
 816            ),
 817            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
 818            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
 819                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 820            ),
 821            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
 822                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
 823            ),
 824            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
 825            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
 826            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
 827            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
 828                [
 829                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
 830                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
 831                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
 832                    _unnest_generate_date_array,
 833                ]
 834            ),
 835            exp.SafeDivide: lambda self, e: no_safe_divide_sql(self, e, "IFF"),
 836            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
 837            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 838            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
 839            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
 840                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
 841            ),
 842            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
 843            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
 844            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
 845                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
 846            ),
 847            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
 848            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
 849            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
 850                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), self.format_time(e)
 851            ),
 852            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
 853            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
 854            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
 855            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
 856            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
 857            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
 858            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
 859                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
 860            ),
 861            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
 862            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
 863            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
 864            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
 865            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
 866        }
 867
 868        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
 869            exp.JSONPathKey,
 870            exp.JSONPathRoot,
 871            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
 872        }
 873
 874        TYPE_MAPPING = {
 875            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
 876            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
 877            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
 878        }
 879
 880        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
 881            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
 882            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 883            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
 884        }
 885
 886        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
 887            exp.Map,
 888            exp.StarMap,
 889            exp.Struct,
 890            exp.VarMap,
 891        }
 892
 893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
 894            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
 895
 896        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
 897            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
 898                values_as_table = False
 899
 900            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
 901
 902        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
 903            expressions = expression.expressions
 904            if (
 905                expressions
 906                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
 907                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
 908            ):
 909                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
 910                return "OBJECT"
 911
 912            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
 913
 914        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
 915            return self.func(
 916                "TO_NUMBER",
 917                expression.this,
 918                expression.args.get("format"),
 919                expression.args.get("precision"),
 920                expression.args.get("scale"),
 921            )
 922
 923        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
 924            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
 925            if milli is not None:
 926                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
 927                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
 928
 929            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
 930
 931        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
 932            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
 933                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
 934            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
 935                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
 936
 937            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
 938
 939        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
 940            value = expression.this
 941
 942            if value.type is None:
 943                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
 944
 945                value = annotate_types(value)
 946
 947            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
 948                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
 949
 950            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
 951            return self.cast_sql(expression)
 952
 953        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
 954            if not expression.expression:
 955                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
 956
 957            return super().log_sql(expression)
 958
 959        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
 960            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
 961            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
 962
 963            columns = [
 964                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
 965                exp.to_identifier("key"),
 966                exp.to_identifier("path"),
 967                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
 968                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
 969                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
 970                exp.to_identifier("this"),
 971            ]
 972
 973            if unnest_alias:
 974                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
 975            else:
 976                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
 977
 978            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
 979            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
 980            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
 981            return f"{explode}{alias}"
 982
 983        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 984            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 985            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 986            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 987            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 988
 989            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 990            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 991
 992            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 993            if scope_kind:
 994                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 995
 996            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 997            if starts_with:
 998                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 999
1000            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1001
1002            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1003            if from_:
1004                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1005
1006            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
1007
1008        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
1009            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1010            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1011            group = expression.args.get("group")
1012
1013            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
1014            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
1015            if group and group.name == "0":
1016                group = None
1017
1018            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1019            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1020            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1021
1022            return self.func(
1023                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1024                expression.this,
1025                expression.expression,
1026                position,
1027                occurrence,
1028                parameters,
1029                group,
1030            )
1031
1032        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1033            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1034            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1035            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1036            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1037            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1038            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1039            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
1040
1041        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1042            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1043        ) -> str:
1044            start = expression.args.get("start")
1045            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1046            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1047            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1048            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
1049
1050        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1051            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
1052
1053        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1054            keys = []
1055            values = []
1056
1057            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1058                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1059                    keys.append(
1060                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1061                    )
1062                    values.append(e.expression)
1063                else:
1064                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1065                    values.append(e)
1066
1067            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
1068
1069        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1070        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1071            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
1072
1073        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1074            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1075            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1076            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1077            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1078            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1080            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1081            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1082
1083            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
1084
1085        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1086            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1087            return self.func(
1088                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1089            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
  • indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a WHERE clause. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TagColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
893        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
894            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
896        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
897            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
898                values_as_table = False
899
900            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str:
902        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
903            expressions = expression.expressions
904            if (
905                expressions
906                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
907                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
908            ):
909                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
910                return "OBJECT"
911
912            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str:
914        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
915            return self.func(
916                "TO_NUMBER",
917                expression.this,
918                expression.args.get("format"),
919                expression.args.get("precision"),
920                expression.args.get("scale"),
921            )
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
923        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
924            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
925            if milli is not None:
926                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
927                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
928
929            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
931        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
932            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
933                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
934            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
935                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
936
937            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
939        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
940            value = expression.this
941
942            if value.type is None:
943                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
944
945                value = annotate_types(value)
946
947            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
948                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
949
950            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
951            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
953        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
954            if not expression.expression:
955                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
956
957            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
959        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
960            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
961            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
962
963            columns = [
964                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
965                exp.to_identifier("key"),
966                exp.to_identifier("path"),
967                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
968                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
969                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
970                exp.to_identifier("this"),
971            ]
972
973            if unnest_alias:
974                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
975            else:
976                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
977
978            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
979            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
980            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
981            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
 983        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
 984            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
 985            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
 986            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
 987            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
 988
 989            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
 990            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
 991
 992            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
 993            if scope_kind:
 994                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
 995
 996            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
 997            if starts_with:
 998                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
 999
1000            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
1001
1002            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
1003            if from_:
1004                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
1005
1006            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str:
1008        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
1009            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
1010            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
1011            group = expression.args.get("group")
1012
1013            # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
1014            # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
1015            if group and group.name == "0":
1016                group = None
1017
1018            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
1019            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
1020            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
1021
1022            return self.func(
1023                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
1024                expression.this,
1025                expression.expression,
1026                position,
1027                occurrence,
1028                parameters,
1029                group,
1030            )
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
1032        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
1033            # Default to table if kind is unknown
1034            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
1035            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
1036            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
1037            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1038            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
1039            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
1041        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
1042            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
1043        ) -> str:
1044            start = expression.args.get("start")
1045            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
1046            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
1047            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
1048            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
1050        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
1051            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str:
1053        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
1054            keys = []
1055            values = []
1056
1057            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
1058                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
1059                    keys.append(
1060                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
1061                    )
1062                    values.append(e.expression)
1063                else:
1064                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
1065                    values.append(e)
1066
1067            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
@generator.unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1069        @generator.unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
1070        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
1071            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str:
1073        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
1074            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
1075            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
1076            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
1077            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
1078            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
1079            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
1080            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
1081            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
1082
1083            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime):
1085        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
1086            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
1087            return self.func(
1088                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
1089            )
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
SET_OP_MODIFIERS
COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
HEX_FUNC
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
QUOTE_JSON_PATH
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
PARSE_JSON_NAME
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
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max_unsupported
leading_comma
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unsupported_messages
generate
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sep
seg
pad_comment
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wrap
no_identify
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indent
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computedcolumnconstraint_sql
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